Diabetes is a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood-called blood sugar-is too high. The body gets the energy it needs from blood sugar, which comes from food. Having diabetes means the body is not able to use blood sugar properly. As a result, blood sugar builds up in the blood.

There are three kinds of diabetes

• The pancreas (a gland behind the stomach) makes little or no insulin. Insulin helps cells use blood sugar.
• People with type 1 diabetes need daily insulin shots, along with proper diet and exercise to stay healthy.

• The pancreas makes some insulin, but either it is not enough or the cells do not use it correctly.
• Some people with type 2 diabetes can control their blood sugar level with proper diet and exercise. Others need insulin and/or diabetes pills, along with proper diet and exercise.

• Gestational diabetes affects pregnant women only, and it usually ends after the baby is born. Some women who have had gestational diabetes may develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
• Diet, exercise and diabetic medications (usually insulin) are all used to control gestational diabetes.
• Gestational diabetes control is important for both the health of the mother and of the baby.
• Special prenatal care is essential for preventing problems in pregnancy and childbirth.

Age and Diabetes:

People of any age can get type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Type 1 usually appears in children and young adults, while type 2 usually appears in older adults. Type 2 diabetes is the most common.

Causes of Diabetes:

No one is sure what causes diabetes but research has shown that the risk of diabetes may be higher for some people. Risk factors include:

• Family history of diabetes
• Overweight
• Inactivity
• Over age 45
• African, Asian, Hispanic, Native American or Pacific Islander heritage
• High blood pressure
• Diseases that damage the pancreas
• A history of gestational diabetes or having a baby weighing over 9 lbs.

Signs of Diabetes:

• Frequent Urination
• Increased thirst
• Extreme tiredness
• Weight loss (in spite of increased appetite)
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing infections or wounds
• Pain, numbness or tingling in the feet
• Stomach pain
• Vomiting
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Sexual problems (impotence in men, vaginal dryness in women).

Other signs that may indicate possible diabetes are:

• Low levels of high-density lipoproteins in the blood
• High triglyceride levels

Symptoms can appear suddenly or over time. It is unlikely that anyone would have all of these symptoms. Some people with type 2 diabetes have no early symptoms.

You can control your diabetes. Work with your healthcare provider to develop a plan that works for you.